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МатеріалPeculiarities of the biological potential of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) under cultivation technologies of different intensity in the conditions of climate change(Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems, 2025-02-01)The importance of the wheat crop on a global scale for overcoming the problem of hunger determines the relevance of research on increasing its productivity and sustainability in the face of climate change. Research on the realization of the genetic potential of winter wheat is an important step towards ensuring food security, improving agricultural efficiency and preserving the environment. The realization of the genetic potential of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) stands as a pivotal element in elevating its productivity. Cultivation technologies of varying intensities play a crucial role in its achievement, as they hold the capacity to ensure high yields and grain quality for this crop. These technologies are developed with considerations for the biological characteristics of the crop and its responses to changing climatic conditions. The research presented here aimed to investigate the influence of cultivation technologies of different intensities on unlocking the genetic potential of winter wheat. Models of cultivation technologies were examined, which differed in the rates of mineral fertilisers applied, the insertion of pea straw residues, and the application of the plant protection system. Through morpho-physiological investigations, fundamental patterns in the initiation of florets within the spike meristems of central and tiller stems were established, along with the number of florets (grains) depending on the phenological development stages of the plants and cultivation technology. The impact of cultivation technologiy on stem density dynamics was examined, optimal parameters were determined, and the degree of productive stem expression and reduction magnitude were assessed. Potential yield values were calculated at the main phenological development stages of the plants, and their realization level was assessed. The highest yield was obtained under a highly-intensive cultivation technology 1, with an application of P80K100N240 with the straw residues of the preceding crop and integrated plant protection. Morphophysiological research attributed such productivity to a productive stem density of 770 stems/m2 and an average ear productivity of 1.42 g. The level of potential yield realization of winter wheat at phenological development stage of plants 65 was at 36.4%, while the realization of productive stem expression was 36.9%, and 34.7% of the total number of florets was retained from phenological development stages of plants 32 to 92.
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МатеріалBiological control of phytophages by different strains of Bacillus thuringiensis in apple orchards(ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, 2025-04-01)The study assessed the use of effective microorganisms for the control of apple tree pests. Biological control of phytophagous pests is an environmentally safe alternative to chemical impact on ecosystems. The most successful bioagent used to control insect pests is Bacillus thuringiensis. The objects of research were apple trees of the Jonagold variety. The quantitative composition of the main insect pests of the apple tree by species was determined. The strains of microorganisms were isolated from dead insects of natural populations of leaf-eating phytophagous insects of the orders Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera. The effectiveness of new bioagents was compared with chemical and biological insecticides in the course of the studies. In the course of studies of the isolated strains, they were found to be able to inhibit the growth of some phytopathogenic fungi. It was shown that the studied strains BT-43, BT-18, and BT-52 have a fungistatic effect, and strain BT-10 has a fungicidal effect against Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria mali Roberts. The effectiveness of the treatment of apple orchards affected by phytophages with bioinsecticides based on selected promising strains of B. thuringiensis was tested. The strain BT-10 proved to be particularly effective against pests, the effect of which is almost equal to or superior to that of deltamethrin. Due to the high efficiency and entomocidal effectiveness against insects of Lepidoptera, it is advisable to use this biological product in the future in the system of control of leaf-eating phytophages. The treatment of apple trees with biological products contributed to a significantly higher yield than the control, which was the highest when treated with the BT-10 strain. Investigating the cost-effectiveness of the used apple protection products based on BT strains, it was shown that treatment with a chemical insecticide reduced the cost by 18% compared to the control. Thus, the research has shown that the treatment of apple plantations with pest and disease control agents is an integral element of the technology of growing and storage of fruits.
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МатеріалEffects of biologicals on shallot yield and quality(Journal of Ecological Engineering, 2025-09-30)There are very few publications reporting the results of studies on the effects of biologicals on yields and quality of bulbaceous plants. In view of this, the purpose of this paper was to scientifically substantiate effects of biologicals containing bacterial strains of Pseudomonas aureofaciens B-111 (IBM B-7096) and Pseudomonas aureofaciens B-306 (IBM B-7097) as well as spores and mycelium of the fungus Trichoderma viride on the yield and qualityof shallot bulbs. To achieve the purpose, the following objectives were set: to investigate biometric parameters ofshallot plants depending on biological treatments, to determine the yield and to evaluate the impact of the biologicals on the biochemical composition of bulbs. The biologicals increased in the mean bulb weight by 6–15% andthe plant height by 9–15%. The total yield was raised by up to 16.2%. The share of marketable yield was increasedby 1.2–7.0%. There was a slight increase in the ascorbic acid content in bulbs (by 3–22%) and a slight decreasein the dry matter content (0.24–1.35%). A slight decrease in the total sugar content was observed (by 0.16–1.76%,depending on biologicals and shallot cultivars). Keywords: shallot, yield, quality, biologicals, effectiveness.
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МатеріалProductivity of Leek Hybrids Depending on Planting Schemes and Etiolation Methods(Journal of Horticultural Research, 2025)ABSTRACT. The research aimed to evaluate whether plant population density of the leek cultivars ‘Jumper’ F1 and ‘Matejko’ F1, and the method of pseudostem etiolation could improve leek yield. The row spacing variants were 45 cm, 60 cm, and 70 cm, with a plant spacing of 15 cm within each row. Seedlings were planted either one or two per hole. Etiolation was launched at the BBCH 17 (7th leaf >3cm) growth stage, with the stems either hilled up with the soil from the inter-rows or shaded with vertical panels of black agrotextile, with a shading height of 20 cm. The planting scheme significantly affected leek growth and development parameters. The largest leaf area and plant and pseudostem mass were observed with the 70 × 15 cm plant-ing; however, the yield per hectare was the lowest. The F1 Matejko cultivar yielded higher in the variant with a 45 × 15 cm planted singly and etiolated under black agrotextile. For growing F1 ‘Jumper’, it is recommended to plant two seedlings per hole at a density of 45 × 15(2) or 60(2) x 15 cm, etiolated under black agro-textile. The obtained results will help to improve the leek cultivation technology.
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МатеріалActivity of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde content in sweet cherry fruits under living mulch conditions.(Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 2023)