Кафедра плодівництва і виноградарства

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Перегляд Кафедра плодівництва і виноградарства по Назва

  • Матеріал
    1-МЦП і функціональні пошкодження плодів
    ("Есе", 2011) Мельник, Ігор Олександрович ; Мельник, Олександр Васильович
    вплив 1-МЦП на розвиток функціональних пошкоджень плодів
  • Матеріал
    A study of apple rootstocks in intensive orchards
    (Warsaw–Ursynow, Poland, 1999-08-21) Мельник, Олександр Васильович ; Гончарук, Володимир Якович ; Цирта, Володимир Семенович ; Осадчий, Володимир Олександрович
    Представлені результати вивчення підщеп яблуні в інтенсивних садах
  • Матеріал
    Assesment of holland-type apple orchard in various parts of Ukraine
    ( 1998) Мельник, Олександр Васильович ; Гончарук, Володимир Петрович ; Цирта, Володимир Семенович ; Шемякін, Михайло Васильович ; Пермякова, Світлана Юріївна ; Нагорний, Руслан Володимирович
    Assesment of holland-type apple orchard in various parts of Ukraine
  • Матеріал
    Bacterial blight of viburnum (Pseudomonas syringae pv. viburnum): Biological features, causes, and consequences of manifestation, methods of control in the system of decorative and fruit gardening
    (Polissia National University, 2023) Yakovenko R. ; Moskalets T. ; Pеlеkhаta N. ; Svitelskyi M. ; Verheles P.
    Viburnum bacterial blight weakens the growth of Viburnum trees (bushes) and inhibits the physiological processes caused by the Pseudomonas syringae pv. viburni bacterium which survives in the affected stem tissue, plant remains, and soil. The purpose of the study was to examine the bioecological features of the manifestation of Pseudomonas syringae pv. viburni and development of measures to control bacterial leaf spotting in viburnum gardens. During the experiment, diagnostic methods were used to select plant leaves, identify, record, and analyse the affected leaves of viburnum plants by the Pseudomonas syringae pv. viburni bacterium. A method to avoid or reduce the risk of bacterial blights was developed. It was determined that various approaches can be used to prevent bacterial diseases in plants of the Viburnum L. genus, such as selecting more disease-resistant varieties, collecting and destroying fallen leaves and branches after pruning, and following agricultural techniques and gardening practices. For chemical control, copper-based bactericidal preparations, such as copper hydroxide or copper sulfate can be used, which are recommended for use in autumn and spring before budding. Performing these actions will help to prevent the manifestation of bacterial diseases in plants. It is proved that in the conditions of the Northern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in the system of fruit gardening, it is advisable to grow high- and medium-resistant genotypes of Viburnum vulgaris of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine against bacterial leaf spotting. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that information about bacterial blight or bacterial spotting of viburnum leaves was expanded; it was proved that various species of the Viburnum L. genus differ in their susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. viburni bacterial damage; it is confirmed that the susceptibility of viburnum plants to this disease can be substantially reduced due to low-susceptible and resistant varieties and species of the Viburnum L. genus and timely technical and chemical measures
  • Матеріал
    Black currant productivity formation as affected by the com-ponents of cultivation technology.
    (Plant Archives, 2021-03-19) Lozinska A. S. ; Polunina O. V. ; Sharapaniuk O. S. ; Chaploutskyi A. M. ; Melnyk Y. V. ; Zabolotniy O. I. ; Cherneha A. O ; Voitovska V. I. ; Liubych V. V.
    Studied in the experiment were the following components of cultivation technology for black currant: maintaining the soil between rows as black fallow or grassed; maintaining the rows as black fallow, mulched with straw or covered with polyethylene mulch film; foliar dressing in the budding stage with liquid suspended organic fertiliser Riverm at the concentrations of 1, 3 or 5% against the background of complete mineral fertiliser N60P90K90. According to the results of the research, it was found that the best growth and development of black currant plants was for maintaining the soil between rows as black fallow and maintaining the rows mulched with straw. Such practices activate the soil microbiota and facilitate the availability of nutrients to plants. Mulching with straw effectively protects against weeds, prevents damage to plants by tillage tools, and does not prevent rainfall from entering the soil. Accordingly, the best indicators of the maximum number of bunches of black currant (604) fruit number per bush (1315) were obtained in the treatment with maintaining the rows as black fallow and the use of fertiliser N 60P90 K90 (background) + Riverm 5 %. However, the highest fruit weight (1.66−1.74 g) was obtained in the treatment with maintaining the soil between rows as black fallow, the use of fertiliser background N60Р90K90 + Riverm 3 % or Riverm 5 %. In general, the use of mineral fertilisers along with foliar dressing using Riverm increased the fruit yield in the treatment with N60P90K90 + Riverm 3 % under maintaining the rows as black fallow and mulching the rows using the straw up to 13.44 t/ ha; for the use of Riverm 5 %, the fruit yield was 13.28 t/ha.
  • Матеріал
    Dimensions of crowns and their level of productivity of apple trees of the Jonaweld variety depending on the method and term of crown pruning
    (Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture, 2024-07-11) Chaploutskyi, A. ; Butsyk, R. ; Polunina, O.
    In this experiment, different methods and terms of crown pruning of Jonaveld apple trees and their influence on the change in crown habitus were investigated. The experiments were conducted at the educational and production department of the Uman National University of Horticulture in the city of Uman, Cherkasy region, for three years from 2014 to 2016. The studied trees were grown on the rootstock M.9 T337 and were formed with a spindle-shaped crown. They were planted according to the 4x1 m scheme in 1995. The experimental plot is represented by podzolized black soil. The research scheme included the study of the effect of three pruning methods: the traditional method of manual pruning, the contour method of forming a fruit wall of the crown 80 cm wide in the lower part and 50 cm wide in the upper part from the row spacing with annual contour pruning of growths on the periphery of the crown and the contour method with manual modification, which consisted in removing fattening shoots, too thick branches and hanging branches in the stem zone. Crown pruning was performed at five different times: in winter (during winter dormancy), during the pink bud phase, during flowering, in early summer (with 10 leaves on the growth), and after harvest. In the orchard plantations with the formation of trees by the type of slender spindle by hand, a more spreading crown was formed, which significantly exceeded the other variants of the study in terms of its diameter. A significant impact on the change in the values of the indicator was caused by the factor "method of pruning" ‒ with the predominance of manual pruning. Also, the influence of postponing the term of pruning to a later date, regardless of the method of pruning the crown, on reducing the value of their diameter was revealed. As a result of contour pruning, in particular contour pruning with manual refinement, a decrease in crown volume was observed. The introduction of contour pruning with manual refinement contributed to the formation of 25 % less crown volume. Regardless of the method of tree pruning, a clear tendency to reduce crown volume with the delay of pruning was revealed. The level of specific productivity per crown volume as a result of manual pruning of the studied trees was 14 % lower than the contour pruning method and 30% lower than the contour pruning method with manual refinement. The gradual increase in the level of specific productivity per crown volume was facilitated by the delay in the cutting period.
  • Матеріал
    Effect of MCP from SmartFreshSM on apple quality and storage ability in Ukraine
    ( 2009-04-08) Мельник, Олександр Васильович ; Дрозд, Ольга Олександрівна
    Effect of MCP from SmartFreshSM on apple quality and storage ability in Ukraine
  • Матеріал
    Estimation quality of apples by light transmission
    ( 1990-09-01) Мельник, Олександр Васильович ; Найченко, Володимир Михайлович
    Estimation quality of apples by light transmission
  • Матеріал
    Ethylеnе emission of apples treated with 1-methylcyclopropene during storage
    ( 2014) Мельник, Олександр Васильович ; Дрозд, Ольга Олександрівна ; Бойчева, Наталія ; Жмуденко, Юлія Миколаївна ; Мельник, Ігор Олександрович ; Худік, Людмила Миколаївна ; Ременюк, Леонід Миколайович ; Вихватнюк, Любомир
    Представлені результати вивчення виділення етилену яблуками обробленими 1-метілциклопропеном під час зберігання
  • Матеріал
    Features of the growth of shoots of apple trees depending on the shape of the crown and the term of pruning
    (Abstracts of IV International Scientific and Practical Conference. Stockholm, Sweden., 2024-02-13) Chaploutskyi A
  • Матеріал
    Features of the growth of shoots of apple trees depending on the shape of the crown and the term of pruning
    (Abstracts of IV International Scientific and Practical Conference. Stockholm, Sweden, 2024-02-13) Chaploutskyi A
  • Матеріал
    Features of tree formation in intensive apple plantations
    (European Conference, 2023) Yakovenko R. ; Kukuruza V.
    Depending on the age of the orchard and the vigour of the trees, formative pruning and pruning to regulate fruiting and growth are introduced. Crown shaping is usually completed in the third or fourth year after planting, and regulatory pruning is carried out after the completion of the formative pruning and continues throughout the entire life of the plantation. In horticulture, there are two main pruning methods: thinning (cutting) and shortening. They are combined with auxiliary techniques such as adjusting the angles of the bending shoots, ringing branches, etc. Depending on the age and condition of the trees, pruning is carried out by thinning the crown and shortening annual shoots [6-8]. Numerous studies and international best practices have developed progressive methods of pruning crowns of intensive apple plantations, and established the timing of pruning of various variety-rootstock combinations. However, this agricultural measure requires further detailed study for specific types of apple plantations in different soil and climatic conditions.
  • Матеріал
    FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE METHOD AND TIME OF CROWN PRUNING
    (VІІІ International scientific and practical conference Scientific research as a mechanism of effective human development, 2024-02-02) Andrii Chaploutskyi
  • Матеріал
    Grass species as a living mulch – Impact of sod and its weediness on apple trees
    (Acta Agrobotanica, 2023-10) Urszula Barbara Bałuszyńska ; Andrii Chaploutskyi ; Oleksandra Polunina ; Liudmyla Slobodianyk ; Maria Licznar-Małańczuk
    e relationship between a cover of four grass living mulches in an apple orchard and the weed cover as well as its impact on the fruit tree yield, growth, and fruit quality was estimated at the Fruit Experimental Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław (Poland). e experiment was established in a young orchard of ‘Chopin’ cv. apple trees graed on rootstock MM 106, i.e. one of the strongest semi-dwarf rootstock. One year aer, the tree planting soil was covered by blue fescue, red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass in tree rows and tractor alleys. e apple trees showed a similar degree of adaptation to the changing cultivation conditions in four different living mulches despite the varied share of the area covered by weeds. However, they did not avoid competition from different grass sods and their weediness, which was reflected in their low yield and low crop efficiency coefficient. e perennial species composition and the percentage share of the most common weeds differentiated the sod of the studied grasses. Among several perennial weed species, Trifolium repens L. was found to be the most competitive in all grass living mulches. e dynamic development of this species in time was stimulated by a rapid increase in precipitation in the orchard.e lowest soil surface cover by the total weeds was noted soon aer the perennial ryegrass emergence due to the rapid development of the grass. Red fescue spread the most efficiently among all the studied grasses, and its coverage allowed effective reduction of the presence of weeds. is cover crop also maintained high purity of grass sod, especially in the tree rows, until the end of the experiment period.
  • Матеріал
    GROWING BASIL (OCIMUM BASILICUM) SEEDLINGS IN TRAYS
    (ГО “Наукова спільнота”, 2023-06-22) Inna Kucher
  • Матеріал
    Growth of yabduni trees depending on the shape of the crown and the time of pruning.
    (bstracts of XXVIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Madrid, Spain., 2023-07-17) Chaploutskyi A.
  • Матеріал
    Growth Parameters of Apple Trees of the Aidared Variety Depending on the Rootstock and the Effect of Long-term Fertilization in Monoculture
    (Agricultural Science Digest, 2023-10) R.V. Yakovenko ; P.G. Kopytko ; O.A. Kishchak ; A.M. Chaploutskyi ; V.G. Chepurnyi ; O.O. Fomenko
    Background: The results of studies of the influence of long-term fertilization on the growth parameters of apple trees of the Aidared variety on seed and vegetative M.4 rootstocks during repeated cultivation on dark gray podzolic soil were considered. Methods: The research was conducted during 1990-2016 in the apple tree plantation of the Uman National University of Horticulture in an experiment with long-term use of different fertilization systems. Result: It was found that the length of shoot growth of the experimental variety depended on the age periods of growth, rootstock and fertilization options. During the period of growth and fruiting, shoot growth was weak (19.4-22.2 cm) in all variants on both rootstocks due to the impact of soil toxin and difficult weather conditions on the re-grown trees. During the fruiting and growth periods, shoot growth was the largest, while during the fruiting period it decreased again, which was due to an increase in fruit yield and lack of moisture for normal growth of experimental trees. A significant increase in tree crown volume (by 38%) during the fruiting period was observed on the seed stock compared to the vegetative M.4
  • Матеріал
    Harmfulness of the viburnum leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni Payk.) on plants of the Viburnum L. genus and elements of its control technology for strategies in breeding work in the system of fruit and decorative gardening
    (Polissia National University, 2023) Yakovenko R. ; Moskalets Т. ; Moskalets V. ; Marchenko А. ; Pеlеkhаtyi V.
    The studies were conducted in various ecological points of Ukraine (western and northern part of the Forest-Steppe, Southern Polissia) to examine the bioecological features of Pyrrhalta viburni Paykull and develop measures to reduce its harmfulness in the system of fruit and decorative gardening. The purpose of the study was to examine the bioecological features of the viburnum leaf beetle on plants of the Viburnum L. genus and elements of its control technology (selection of species, varietal composition, seasonal pruning, mechanised trunk, or inter-bush loosening of the soil, application of mineral fertilisers, use of paraffin oil and Actofit biological product) for strategies in breeding work. The study was based on the use of the method of conducting a qualification examination, visual methods (route and detailed), the method of accounting and describing pests, determining the degree and score of infestation, and the percentage of damaged plants. As a result, species of the Viburnum L. genus are differentiated by susceptibility to viburnum leaf beetle into: susceptible – V. opulus, V. sargentii, moderately or poorly receptive – V. lantana, and immune or resistant – V. sieboldii, and in the garden conditions on moderately or poorly susceptible – V. opulusand V. sargentii and resistant – V. sieboldii and V. lantana. The most effective measure of mechanical control of the viburnum leaf eater, in particular, in the collection, hybrid, breeding, and queen nurseries, is pruning individual branches with pest eggs laid on them during November-March. It is identified that the appropriate measure is the formation of biological barriers in the breeding nurseries of Viburnum, represented by other viburnum species (Siebold’s viburnum, Viburnum lantana), which are less susceptible to the viburnum leaf beetle than the plants of Viburnum opulus or Viburnum sargentii, which will allow preserving valuable genotypes of the above-mentioned viburnum species from damage by the pest at an early stage and prevent the use of environmentally dangerous chemical pesticides. The results of the study expand information about the Pyrrhalta viburni Payk. species and can be used in the ecology of insect pests, the developed measures will allow controlling the populations of viburnum leaf beetle in the system of fruit and decorative gardening at an early stage
  • Матеріал
    Parameters of apple tree crowns depending on the crown shape and pruning time
    (Scientific Horizons, 2023-04-10) Chaploutskyi A ; Yakovenko R ; Butsyk R ; Polunina, O ; Zabolotnyi, O
    The apple tree is a leading fruit crop in Ukraine in terms of production volumes and planting areas and is a valuable food product with a high content of vitamins. In new modern plantings, fruit producers prefer intensive cultivation technologies that ensure the maximum amount of high-quality fruit yield per unit area. The main criterion for solving this problem is the design of plantings: a narrow-row scheme for planting trees and a low-volume crown shape. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of the pruning period of different types of crown formations on the growth and productivity of apple trees of two varieties: Fuji and Honey Crisp. The study was conducted in the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Uman National University of Horticulture). The scheme of planting was 4x1 m, M.9 rootstock, chernozem sod-podzolic soil, drip irrigation. Field, statistical, and computational-analytical methods were used in the course of the study. It was identified that the growth pattern of the examined varieties differed substantially, and crown volume, projection area, and development of the feeding area prevailed in Honey Crisp trees. However, in terms of productivity, the plantings of the Fuji variety substantially exceeded the values of the Honey Crisp variety. Forming a ballerina crown with the removal of overgrown wood in a 25 cm zone on the central trunk above the lower tier of semi-cellular branches provided an increase in the growth activity of the examined trees by 3-5%. A substantial decrease in the values of crown parameters was provided by the formation of the French axis crown – there was a decrease in the crown diameter by 44%, the crown volume – by 67%, and the crown projection area and the development of the feeding area – by 69%. Performing additional summer pruning of trees also helped to reduce growth activity by 6-11%. However, the specific productivity of plantings doubled in plantings with the formation of the French axis and by 45-50% with the introduction of double pruning of trees. It is recommended that agricultural producers investigate the terms of pruning low-volume crown forms, considering varietal characteristics, to create compacted apple stands and increase the intensification of production
  • Матеріал
    Parameters of the crowns of apple trees depending on the form of the crown and the term of pruning.
    (Abstracts of XX International Scientific and Practical Conference. Munich, Germany, 2023-05-22) Chaploutskyi A