Кафедра плодівництва і виноградарства
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МатеріалПИТОМА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ДЕРЕВ ЯБЛУНІ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ФОРМИ КРОНИ ТА СТРОКУ ОБРІЗУВАННЯ(Львівський національний університет природокористування, 2024-03-28)
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МатеріалУспіх садівничої справи в деталях: ставка на амінокислоти(Садівництво та Овочівництво. Технології та інновації, 2024-09-24)Інтенсивне садівництво спрямоване на підвищення якості та кількості врожаю з підвищенням рентабельності виробництва з одиниці площі. Все частіше садівники використовують менше добрив та засобів захисту рослин і все більше звертають увагу на механізм їхньої дії. Садівники змушені використовувати інноваційні рішення.
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МатеріалInfluence of budding height and method on bi-axis young apple trees (cv. ‘Florina’)(Agronomy Research, 2024-12-22)The article presents the results of the research on the influence of budding height and the method of bi-axis formation on quality indicators of young bi-axis apple trees of ‘Florina’ cultivar on B.118 rootstock in conditions of fruit trees nursery of educational and production department of Uman NUH. Budding with chip was made at the period of late July and early August at a height of 10 and 20 cm (the control). The formation of two axes was made with the help of budding in two ways: budding with one bud with pinching of a shoot at a height of 10 cm (the control); budding with one bud with pinching of a shoot at a height of 20 cm, budding with two buds that are opposite set, and budding with two buds that are alternate set and have a shift on a rootstock axis up to 5 cm due to each other. The maximum trunk diameter was observed in young bi-axis apple trees that have alternate and opposite ways of budding with the help of two buds at a height of 10 cm above ground level. The reduction of the budding height up to 10 cm above ground level did not affect the height of the young bi-axis apple trees, though it had a significant effect on axis elongation. It was defined that one-dimensional formation of both axes occurred with the even distribution of length and number of branches on each were observed on young apple trees that had opposite budding with two buds at the above ground level height of 10 cm. The largest number of differentiated generative buds was observed on young trees that had opposite budding with two buds at the above ground level height of 10 and 20 cm.
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МатеріалThe yield and quality of strawberry cassette planting material depends on the composition of the substrate for its rooting in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine(Збірник наукових праць УНУС, 2024-12-22)The publication contains research materials aimed at improving the elements of technology for growing cassette planting material of strawberry. They are related to the selection of the optimal composition of the substrate for rosettes rooting and increasing the yield of high-quality seedlings by improving the substrate for runners rooting with substances of a biological nature in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. In order to establish the efficiency of the applied substrate compositions, a control variant with a ready-made peat mixture for strawberry rosettes rooting was included in the experiment scheme. Variants with two types of substrate were accepted as experimental – one with Biohumus adding, and the other one with additional treatment with Trichodermin. Establishing the efficiency of these agricultural measures was carried out on two strawberry varieties - Dukat and Malvina. It was experimentally confirmed that better rosettes rooting with increased growth rates of seedlings was achieved by saturating the substrate peat mixture with Biohumus and Trichodermin. Nutritional and phytosanitary properties of the substrate for strawberry rosettes rooting were improved by filling the peat mixture with Biohumus and Trichodermin. Such biologization of the substrate increased rosettes rooting by 9 % and their leaves density by 25 %. The growth of stem part of strawberry seedlings was more intensive when adding Biohumus and Trichodermin to the peat mixture, which led to the increase in the diameter and the number of stolons by 30 %. Better formation of the root system occurred in the biologically filled peat mixture with Biohumus and Trichodermin. Such a substrate contributed to the improvement of quality indicators of seedlings which increased its market value by 15 %.
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МатеріалProductivity of apple leaves, depending on the shape of the crown and the pruning times(Journal of Native and Alien Plant Studies, 2024-12-23)To determine the influence of pruning terms and methods of crown formation on the productivity of apple trees grown on dwarf rootstock M.9 in intensive plantations of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field (data acquisition), statistical using Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation method (data processing and analysis). The experiment was carried out in the garden of the Uman National University of Horticulture for 4 years (2019–2022) with apple trees of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honey Crisp’ cultivars on dwarf rootstock M.9, planted according to the 4×1 m scheme. The factors studied were crowning shape: slender spindle, ballerina, and French axis; and also the pruning times: winter (0 BBCH) and winter combined with summer (second decade of June, 74 BBCH). Results. The shape of the crown and double pruning significantly affected the specific productivity per unit area of the apple tree leaf surface. A maximum value of 3.1 kg/m² was when forming the crown ballerina with pruning in winter and summer of ‘Fuji’ trees. A 33% higher indicator value was provided in plantations of the ‘Fuji’ compared to the ‘Honey Crisp’, with 30–33% higher crown formation by the French axis and 33% higher by double crown pruning. Specific productivity correlates with the yield and fruit load of trees. The French axis crown formation provided a threefold increase in the leaf index compared to the slender spindle and ballerina formation. Double pruning (winter and summer) increased the leaf index by 17%. The experiment showed a gradual decrease with a minimum in 2022. The main influence on the value of specific leaf area on crown volume was the crown shape (77.5%), where the formation of the ‘French axis’ provided three times higher values compared to other studied crowns. Double pruning (winter and summer) also contributed to an increase in this indicator by 60% compared to pruning only in winter. Conclusions. As a result of the formation of the French axis crown, its dimensions were much more compact, as a result of the peculiarities of its formation, which ensured an increase in the value of the leaf index and the specific leaf surface area per crown volume, but due to its smaller size, the value of specific productivity per leaf surface area was significantly reduced. At the same time, there was a clear tendency to increase these indicators and the introduction of double pruning — in winter and summer.