БЮРО КРЕДИТНИХ ІСТОРІЙ ЯК ОСНОВНИЙ ЧИННИК МІНІМІЗАЦІЇ КРЕДИТНИХ РИЗИКІВ

Abstract

The development of market relations and the economy globalization in the credit services market help increase the number of loan products. However, due to this expansion the competition of banks intensifies, that are forced to function under the conditions of the large risks of failure to return borrowed funds, that, in turn, triggers them to apply an aggressive credit policy. As a consequence of everything mentioned above, there is an urgent need for regular information exchange between credit institutions. Based on the fact that the main factor of the credit policy is the assessment quality of the potential borrowers, the latter is formed by every credit institution by applying credit histories that are stored in banks. Exactly this allows banks reduce the credit risk level. In the economically developed countries, the problems associated with the lack of information about borrowers, are solved with the help of special database - credit bureaus. The special regime of the restricted access to the information, which opens only for a limited number of users, is set in these institutions. The credit bureaus are special as they accumulate the information about each physical or 83 legal person, who at least once used borrowed funds. Wherein, the most valuable facts are the solvency of the borrower, the timeliness and completeness of their debt payment. That is why, in the modern conditions of the banking system functioning, a credit bureau is its mandatory and integral part, which primarily contributes to the preservation of its efficiency, durability and security. It should also be noted that one of the main factors of cooperation between credit bureaus and banks is their mutual interest. Banks, on one side, provide information on borrowers, and the bureau, on the other side, accumulates the information and distributes it between banks. At the same time, at the present stage of the credit bureaus functioning, the influence of both stimulating and constraining factors is felt, the ones that exist in the external legal and economic environment and within organizations. The contradictions of the cooperation between the bureaus and banks are also of no smaller importance. Therefore, the improvement of the credit bureaus activities should start with the harmonization of the technical cooperation issues: the establishment of the unity components of the subsystems and elements of the credit risk management, the creation of the conditions for the realization of the goals and tasks of the bank and the bureau to work with their borrowers as an open social and economic system, the provision of the financial and economic independence of both the bank and the credit bureau. Since the results of the bureau have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the banks activities in the performance of the credit transactions, we consider it necessary to introduce into the practice the factor of payment for the information provided by the bureau. This will help to ensure the collection of the real and qualitative information, that banks will be able to safely use in the process of their credit relations in the future. One of the primary measures to promote the development of credit bureaus should be the legislative registration of all the regulatory documents governing their activities, and the professional selection and placement of the Bureau personnel. The solution of the designated problems will contribute to the reliability and quality of the information about each borrower