Факультет плодоовочівництва, екології та захисту рослин

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Перегляд Факультет плодоовочівництва, екології та захисту рослин по Автор "Andrii Chaploutskyi"
  • Матеріал
    FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE METHOD AND TIME OF CROWN PRUNING
    (VІІІ International scientific and practical conference Scientific research as a mechanism of effective human development, 2024-02-02) Andrii Chaploutskyi
  • Матеріал
    Grass species as a living mulch – Impact of sod and its weediness on apple trees
    (Acta Agrobotanica, 2023-10) Urszula Barbara Bałuszyńska ; Andrii Chaploutskyi ; Oleksandra Polunina ; Liudmyla Slobodianyk ; Maria Licznar-Małańczuk
    e relationship between a cover of four grass living mulches in an apple orchard and the weed cover as well as its impact on the fruit tree yield, growth, and fruit quality was estimated at the Fruit Experimental Station of the Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Wrocław (Poland). e experiment was established in a young orchard of ‘Chopin’ cv. apple trees graed on rootstock MM 106, i.e. one of the strongest semi-dwarf rootstock. One year aer, the tree planting soil was covered by blue fescue, red fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass in tree rows and tractor alleys. e apple trees showed a similar degree of adaptation to the changing cultivation conditions in four different living mulches despite the varied share of the area covered by weeds. However, they did not avoid competition from different grass sods and their weediness, which was reflected in their low yield and low crop efficiency coefficient. e perennial species composition and the percentage share of the most common weeds differentiated the sod of the studied grasses. Among several perennial weed species, Trifolium repens L. was found to be the most competitive in all grass living mulches. e dynamic development of this species in time was stimulated by a rapid increase in precipitation in the orchard.e lowest soil surface cover by the total weeds was noted soon aer the perennial ryegrass emergence due to the rapid development of the grass. Red fescue spread the most efficiently among all the studied grasses, and its coverage allowed effective reduction of the presence of weeds. is cover crop also maintained high purity of grass sod, especially in the tree rows, until the end of the experiment period.
  • Матеріал
    Parameters of apple tree crowns depending on the crown shape and pruning time
    (Scientific Horizons, 2023) Andrii Chaploutskyi ; Roman Yakovenko ; Roman Butsyk ; Oleksandra Polunina ; Oleksandr Zabolotnyi
    The apple tree is a leading fruit crop in Ukraine in terms of production volumes and planting areas and is a valuable food product with a high content of vitamins. In new modern plantings, fruit producers prefer intensive cultivation technologies that ensure the maximum amount of high-quality fruit yield per unit area. The main criterion for solving this problem is the design of plantings: a narrow-row scheme for planting trees and a low-volume crown shape. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of the pruning period of different types of crown formations on the growth and productivity of apple trees of two varieties: Fuji and Honey Crisp. The study was conducted in the conditions of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Uman National University of Horticulture). The scheme of planting was 4x1 m, M.9 rootstock, chernozem sod-podzolic soil, drip irrigation. Field, statistical, and computational-analytical methodswere used in the course of the study. It was identified that the growth pattern of the examined varieties differed substantially, and crown volume, projection area, and development of the feeding area prevailed in Honey Crisp trees. However, in terms of productivity, the plantings of the Fuji variety substantially exceeded the values of the Honey Crisp variety. Forming a ballerina crown with the removal of overgrown wood in a 25 cm zone on the central trunk above the lower tier of semi-cellular branches provided an increase in the growth activity of the examined trees by 3-5%. A substantial decrease in the values of crown parameters was provided by the formation of the French axis crown – there was a decrease in the crown diameter by 44%, the crown volume – by 67%, and the crown projection area and the development of the feeding area – by 69%. Performing additional summer pruning of trees also helped to reduce growth activity by 6-11%. However, the specific productivity of plantings doubled in plantings with the formation of the French axis and by 45-50% with the introduction of double pruning of trees. It is recommended that agricultural producers investigate the terms of pruning low-volume crown forms, considering varietal characteristics, to create compacted apple stands and increase the intensification of production