EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO DISEASES OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT SAMPLES CREATED BY HYBRIDIZATION OF ECOLOGICALLY AND GEOGRAPHICALLY REMOTE FORMS

Abstract

Genetic and breeding improvement of soft winter wheat varieties is one of the most effective methods of increasing yields, resistance against abiotic and biotic environment factors and energy-saving of wheat cultivation. Use of disease-resistant varieties is an economically effective and environmentally safe method of plant protection. The plant’s resistance is provided by the existing group of resistance genes, which are specific and act at the first determinant phase of plant and pathogen interaction. In wheat breeding the genes that provide varieties with stable resistance to disease regardless of genetic diversity of pathogens and weather conditions of cultivation are of greatest value. Such genes are often dominant mono- and oligogens. The objective of our research was to identify and select soft winter wheat samples resistant to main diseases and created by hybridization of ecologically and geographically remote forms in order to use them in breeding as donors of resistance. As a result of the research four samples of soft winter wheat 4075, 6151, 3872 and 6254 with complex resistance to diseases (resistance score 8-9) were selected. Created materials showed a significant advantage in resistance to powdery mildew, fusarium and septoria blight in comparison with standard variety Favoritka. Selected samples can be used as donors of resistance genes in the breeding process of high-yielding soft winter wheat varieties.