Кафедра генетики, селекції рослин та біотехнології

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Перегляд Кафедра генетики, селекції рослин та біотехнології по Тема "initial material"
  • Матеріал
    Enrichment of the winter triticale gene pool under intergeneric hybridization
    (Agronomy Research, 2021) Діордієва, Ірина Павлівна ; Кочмарський, Валентин Сергійович ; Рябовол, Ярослав Сергійович ; Рябовол, Людмила Олегівна ; Сержук, Олександр Петрович
    The purpose of the research was to expand the genetic diversity of winter triticale under intraspecific and remote hybridization and to obtain new valuable forms for their involvement in the breeding process of creating high-yielding crop varieties. For this purpose interspecific and remote hybridization of different species of wheat, rye, triticale, Elimus arenarius L. and evaluation of obtained hybrids were carried out from 2013 to 2020. According to the results of our research it is proved that the species Triticum spelta L. and Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. had dominant genes of incompatibility with rye. Crossing Triticum compactum Host. and Triticum sphaerococcum Perciv. species with rye allowed obtaining a higher level of seed setting, but the grain obtained with the participation of Triticum sphaerococcum Perciv. species was not viable. Compatibility of triticale with spelt and Elimus arenarius L. was low. The level of seed formation in F1 hybrids under artificial pollination was higher than under spontaneous pollination. Seed germination obtained from pollination of F1 hybrids by fertile forms of triticale - was low. It was found that hybridization of three-species triticale with spelt had a positive effect on grain quality indicators in the offspring. Crossing triticale with Elimus arenarius L. led to ear elongation, but caused a significant reduction in all indicators of grain quality in the offspring. As a result of remote hybridization of three-species triticale and spelt wheat, winter triticale varieties Navarra and Strateh were created and included in the State register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine since 2018
  • Матеріал
    EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE TO DISEASES OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT SAMPLES CREATED BY HYBRIDIZATION OF ECOLOGICALLY AND GEOGRAPHICALLY REMOTE FORMS
    (Ukrainian journal of ecology, 2018) Діордієва, Ірина Павлівна ; Рябовол, Ярослав Сергійович ; Рябовол, Людмила Олегівна ; Полторецький, Сергій Петрович ; Любченко, Андрій Іванович ; Кононенко, Лідія Михайлівна ; Крижанівський, Віталій Григорович
    Genetic and breeding improvement of soft winter wheat varieties is one of the most effective methods of increasing yields, resistance against abiotic and biotic environment factors and energy-saving of wheat cultivation. Use of disease-resistant varieties is an economically effective and environmentally safe method of plant protection. The plant’s resistance is provided by the existing group of resistance genes, which are specific and act at the first determinant phase of plant and pathogen interaction. In wheat breeding the genes that provide varieties with stable resistance to disease regardless of genetic diversity of pathogens and weather conditions of cultivation are of greatest value. Such genes are often dominant mono- and oligogens. The objective of our research was to identify and select soft winter wheat samples resistant to main diseases and created by hybridization of ecologically and geographically remote forms in order to use them in breeding as donors of resistance. As a result of the research four samples of soft winter wheat 4075, 6151, 3872 and 6254 with complex resistance to diseases (resistance score 8-9) were selected. Created materials showed a significant advantage in resistance to powdery mildew, fusarium and septoria blight in comparison with standard variety Favoritka. Selected samples can be used as donors of resistance genes in the breeding process of high-yielding soft winter wheat varieties.
  • Матеріал
    The characteristic of wheat collection created by Triticum aestivum L./Triticum spelta L. hybridization
    (Agronomy research, 2018) Діордієва, Ірина Павлівна ; Рябовол, Ярослав Сергійович ; Рябовол, Людмила Олегівна ; Сержук, Олександр Петрович ; Новак, Андрій Васильович ; Коцюба, Світлана Петрівна
    The aim of our research was to create, analyzes, and systematise wheat collection samples for the selection of valuable initial forms, to involve them in breeding process, and to create new productive cultivars. For this purpose the hybridisation of soft and spelt wheat was carried out, along with an evaluation of the hybrids that were obtained, between 2006 and 2018 (F5 F10). A collection of wheat samples, containing more than a thousand numbered items, was formed from the obtained diversity of samples. The economically-valuable and morphological characteristics of newly-developed materials were analysed. According to the results of our research, we selected forms of spelt, soft wheat, and speltoid samples which have high levels of productivity and high gluten and protein contents in grains. Spelt wheat sample 1817 contains 45.2% gluten, 22.3% protein, and has a yield capacity of 6.55 t ha-1. Soft wheat sample 1689 has 32.4% gluten, 15.8% protein, and a yield capacity of 7.19 t ha-1. These samples were submitted for state scientific and technical expert evaluation in 2018. The created varieties of European spelt wheat and Artemisia soft wheat were included in The varieties, Artaniia and Artaplot, were submitted for state scientific and technical expert evaluation.