Кафедра плодівництва і виноградарства
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МатеріалInfluence of budding height and method on bi-axis young apple trees (cv. ‘Florina’)(Agronomy Research, 2024-12-22)The article presents the results of the research on the influence of budding height and the method of bi-axis formation on quality indicators of young bi-axis apple trees of ‘Florina’ cultivar on B.118 rootstock in conditions of fruit trees nursery of educational and production department of Uman NUH. Budding with chip was made at the period of late July and early August at a height of 10 and 20 cm (the control). The formation of two axes was made with the help of budding in two ways: budding with one bud with pinching of a shoot at a height of 10 cm (the control); budding with one bud with pinching of a shoot at a height of 20 cm, budding with two buds that are opposite set, and budding with two buds that are alternate set and have a shift on a rootstock axis up to 5 cm due to each other. The maximum trunk diameter was observed in young bi-axis apple trees that have alternate and opposite ways of budding with the help of two buds at a height of 10 cm above ground level. The reduction of the budding height up to 10 cm above ground level did not affect the height of the young bi-axis apple trees, though it had a significant effect on axis elongation. It was defined that one-dimensional formation of both axes occurred with the even distribution of length and number of branches on each were observed on young apple trees that had opposite budding with two buds at the above ground level height of 10 cm. The largest number of differentiated generative buds was observed on young trees that had opposite budding with two buds at the above ground level height of 10 and 20 cm.
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МатеріалThe yield and quality of strawberry cassette planting material depends on the composition of the substrate for its rooting in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine(Збірник наукових праць УНУС, 2024-12-22)The publication contains research materials aimed at improving the elements of technology for growing cassette planting material of strawberry. They are related to the selection of the optimal composition of the substrate for rosettes rooting and increasing the yield of high-quality seedlings by improving the substrate for runners rooting with substances of a biological nature in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. In order to establish the efficiency of the applied substrate compositions, a control variant with a ready-made peat mixture for strawberry rosettes rooting was included in the experiment scheme. Variants with two types of substrate were accepted as experimental – one with Biohumus adding, and the other one with additional treatment with Trichodermin. Establishing the efficiency of these agricultural measures was carried out on two strawberry varieties - Dukat and Malvina. It was experimentally confirmed that better rosettes rooting with increased growth rates of seedlings was achieved by saturating the substrate peat mixture with Biohumus and Trichodermin. Nutritional and phytosanitary properties of the substrate for strawberry rosettes rooting were improved by filling the peat mixture with Biohumus and Trichodermin. Such biologization of the substrate increased rosettes rooting by 9 % and their leaves density by 25 %. The growth of stem part of strawberry seedlings was more intensive when adding Biohumus and Trichodermin to the peat mixture, which led to the increase in the diameter and the number of stolons by 30 %. Better formation of the root system occurred in the biologically filled peat mixture with Biohumus and Trichodermin. Such a substrate contributed to the improvement of quality indicators of seedlings which increased its market value by 15 %.
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МатеріалProductivity of apple leaves, depending on the shape of the crown and the pruning times(Journal of Native and Alien Plant Studies, 2024-12-23)To determine the influence of pruning terms and methods of crown formation on the productivity of apple trees grown on dwarf rootstock M.9 in intensive plantations of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field (data acquisition), statistical using Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation method (data processing and analysis). The experiment was carried out in the garden of the Uman National University of Horticulture for 4 years (2019–2022) with apple trees of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honey Crisp’ cultivars on dwarf rootstock M.9, planted according to the 4×1 m scheme. The factors studied were crowning shape: slender spindle, ballerina, and French axis; and also the pruning times: winter (0 BBCH) and winter combined with summer (second decade of June, 74 BBCH). Results. The shape of the crown and double pruning significantly affected the specific productivity per unit area of the apple tree leaf surface. A maximum value of 3.1 kg/m² was when forming the crown ballerina with pruning in winter and summer of ‘Fuji’ trees. A 33% higher indicator value was provided in plantations of the ‘Fuji’ compared to the ‘Honey Crisp’, with 30–33% higher crown formation by the French axis and 33% higher by double crown pruning. Specific productivity correlates with the yield and fruit load of trees. The French axis crown formation provided a threefold increase in the leaf index compared to the slender spindle and ballerina formation. Double pruning (winter and summer) increased the leaf index by 17%. The experiment showed a gradual decrease with a minimum in 2022. The main influence on the value of specific leaf area on crown volume was the crown shape (77.5%), where the formation of the ‘French axis’ provided three times higher values compared to other studied crowns. Double pruning (winter and summer) also contributed to an increase in this indicator by 60% compared to pruning only in winter. Conclusions. As a result of the formation of the French axis crown, its dimensions were much more compact, as a result of the peculiarities of its formation, which ensured an increase in the value of the leaf index and the specific leaf surface area per crown volume, but due to its smaller size, the value of specific productivity per leaf surface area was significantly reduced. At the same time, there was a clear tendency to increase these indicators and the introduction of double pruning — in winter and summer.
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МатеріалFORMATION OF THE LEAF APPARATUS OF APPLE TREES DEPENDING ON THE SHAPE OF THE CROWN AND THE TIME OF PRUNING(Збірник наукових праць Уманського, 2024-12-22)The present study investigates the influence of crown formation and pruning timing on the development of leaf apparatus of apple (Malus domestica) varieties Fuji and Honey Crisp grown on dwarf rootstock M.9 in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Given that apple is one of the most popular fruit crops, special attention is paid to the importance of improving the lighting and leaf condition as a result of crown pruning. The experiment evaluated different crown shapes: slender spindle, ballerina and French axis, as well as the timing of pruning: winter and its combination with summer. The aim of the experiment was to determine which agronomic measures contribute to maximum plant productivity, in particular through the impact on leaf area, number of leaves and total leaf area. The largest leaf blade area (31.4 cm²) was recorded in Honey Crisp trees when the crown was formed in the French axis with pruning in winter and summer. The lowest value of the index (25.9 cm²) was observed in Fuji trees when forming the ‘slender spindle’ crown in winter, which is 17.5 % lower than the maximum value. In general, Honey Crisp trees showed larger leaf blade areas than Fuji trees, exceeding them by an average of 5 %. Crown formation also affected the number of leaves. A decrease in the number of leaves was observed in the formation of the French axis crown (1551 leaves per tree), which is 20 % less than in the formation of the ballerina crown. Trees of the Honey Crisp variety outnumbered the Fuji variety by 22 %. Pruning in winter and summer reduced the number of leaves by 8 %. The maximum leaf surface area was achieved in the formation of the ‘ballerina’ crown in the Honey Crisp variety – 15.8 thousand m²/ha. against 11.7 thousand m²/ha of the ‘French axis’ crown, which is associated with a decrease in the number of leaves and crown dimensions. The total leaf area of Honey Crisp trees was 26% higher than that of Fuji. It was found that the greatest influence on the leaf blade area and number of leaves was the crown shape factor (53.5 % and 40.9 %, respectively), as well as the pruning time factor (3–5 %). In addition, the effect of pomological variety was one of the key factors, influencing 60.4% of the total leaf area. The study also found a strong direct correlation between leaf area and traits such as percentage of usable ovary and fruit weight. Leaf number was correlated with crown diameter, volume and total leaf area, but also showed an inverse correlation with specific productivity per crown volume and feeding area.
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МатеріалПродуктивність дерев яблуні сорту чемпіон Арно залежно від системи удобрення.(ЛНУП, 2024)Виходячи з даних, які було отримано протягом 2021 – 2022 років приріст діаметру штамбу коливався від 10,5 до 16 мм серед варіантів удобрення (ґрунтового) істотне збільшення даного показника на 32 % було у варіанті з розрахунковою нормою добрив, порівняно з абсолютним контролем. Довжина пагонів плодових дерев є вказівником для визначення вікових періодів, взаємозв'язку між силою росту кореневої системи та сорту плодових дерев, а також для оцінки рівня удобрення насаджень. В середньому за роки проведення досліджень приріст пагонів на ділянках усіх досліджуваних варіантів удобрення коливався від 25,8 до 33,3 см та перевищував контрольні на 12 % за ґрунтового удобрення, 15 – позакореневого підживлення і 33 % за внесення Вуксал Біо Амінопланта на фоні удобрення позакоренево азотом і бором навесні та восени за оптимізованого ґрунтового живлення. Подібна тенденція прослідковується і з показником сумарної довжини приросту залежно від досліджуваних варіантів. За оптимізованої норми ґрунтового удобрення дерев сорту Чемпіон Арно за роки дослідження врожайність коливалась від 19,1 до 30,0 т/га та переважала на 5 % виробничий і на 32 % абсолютний контроль. Позакореневе підживлення азотом і бором, на даному фоні, навесні з внесенням Вуксал Біо Амінопланта, сприяло підвищенню врожайності на 21 % порівняно з обробкою дерев водою (контроль).